TINY (This Is Not space invaYders)

Or "Yet Another Arduino Blinken Light Thing" :)

So we were chatting on the TASLUG (Tasmanian Linux Users Group) mailing list talking about a new hackerspace development and whatnot when one of the fellows said he hoped that it didn't become a club of Arduino fanboys.  I said what's up with Arduino, it's awesome, and he said there's far too much boring blinkenlights and not enough actual cool stuff.  It was a bit tongue in cheek, but regardless, my nerd pride was offended and I managed to interpret it as a challenge :)   A month or so later and I had created TINY:

I'm pretty sure nerd etiquette precludes me from proclaiming success, but it did have an awesome time doing it.  I am curious though, what do you think? ;)

/*
  Space Invaders
  Turns on an LED on for one second, then off for one second, repeatedly.
 
  This example code is in the public domain.
 */
 
// pin assignments
int annodes0 = 2;int annodes1 = 3;int annodes2 = 4;int annodes3 = 5;int annodes4 = 6;
//pin 7 is spare
int cathodes0 = 8;int cathodes1 = 9;int cathodes2 = 10;int cathodes3 = 11;int cathodes4 = 12;
int IndicatorLED = 13;
int InputPot = A0;
int C_ButtonPin = 18; //ie analog4, in use as a digital pin
int C_SpeakerPin = 19; //ie analog5, in use as a digital pin

int mycursor=2;  // set initial position of the cursor
//int difficulty = 1; // where 1 is easy and 3 is hard.

// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {                
  // initialize the pins
  pinMode(annodes0, OUTPUT); pinMode(annodes1, OUTPUT); pinMode(annodes2, OUTPUT); pinMode(annodes3, OUTPUT); pinMode(annodes4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(cathodes0, OUTPUT); pinMode(cathodes1, OUTPUT); pinMode(cathodes2, OUTPUT); pinMode(cathodes3, OUTPUT); pinMode(cathodes4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(IndicatorLED, OUTPUT); 
  pinMode(C_ButtonPin, INPUT);  pinMode(InputPot, INPUT);
 
  Serial.begin(9600);
}

void loop() {
   //basicMultiplexing(); 
   //SoundEffectGenViaPot();  
   //MakeASmiley();   
   //lightled(6,2000); delay(2000);
   //int buttonState = digitalRead(C_ButtonPin); if (buttonState == HIGH) { sound(7); }  
   
   int difficulty = introSequence(); delay(200);
   SnotVaders(difficulty);     delay(200);
   MakeASmiley();   delay(1000);
}

int introSequence(){
   int difficultyX = SimpleVelocityLoop();
   //int difficulty = map(difficultyX, 0, 1023, 3, 1); 
   int difficulty = 0;
   if (difficultyX < 315) { difficulty = 3; }
   else if (difficultyX > 648 ) { difficulty = 1; }
   else { difficulty = 2; }
      
   Serial.print("difficultyX = "); Serial.println(difficultyX); 
   Serial.print("difficulty = "); Serial.println(difficulty); 

   delay(200);
   int mydelay=10;
   for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++) {
      sound(1);
      lightled(i,mydelay); delay(mydelay);       
      lightled(25-i,mydelay); delay(mydelay);  
   }
   sound(7);  
   delay(400);
   return difficulty;
}

void SnotVaders(int difficulty){
   // (number of displaycycles per tick will be determined by gameroundtickspeed[v_round].
   // the number of rounds is determined by the length of gameroundtickspeed[].
   // we determine the ticks per round based on the difficulty :)
   int gameroundtickspeed[]= {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
   switch (difficulty){
      case 1: // easy
         { int gameroundtickspeedX[]= {28,22,23,20,21,17,17,17,17};  for (int z = 0; z < 9; z++) { gameroundtickspeed[z]=gameroundtickspeedX[z];} break; } 
      case 2: // medium
         { int gameroundtickspeedX[]= {20,20,20,19,18,14,14,14,11}; for (int z = 0; z < 9; z++) { gameroundtickspeed[z]=gameroundtickspeedX[z];} break; } 
      case 3: // hard
         { int gameroundtickspeedX[]= {7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7}; for (int z = 0; z < 9; z++) { gameroundtickspeed[z]=gameroundtickspeedX[z];} break; } 
   }
   
   int rounds = sizeof(gameroundtickspeed)/sizeof(int);
   int shipLocation=1; int notdead=1; int idealFlikerRate=24;
   int buttonStateToggle = 1; int baddieDetails[] = {0,0,0,0,0};
    
   // play successive rounds, each terminating when either all baddies or the player dies
   for (int round = 1; round <= rounds; round++){   
      // output the round to the serial console for debug
      //Serial.print(" round = "); Serial.println(round);
      
      // baddies move closer to the player each round.  
      // and they will do that faster depending on the round number.
      // if they hit the player, then the player dies, game over etc.
      
      // we define baddie starting location based on the round.
      // note that locations < 1 is "no location" and wont be displayed at all.  
      
      // i was unable to have the switch populate baddieDetails[] directly, so that's why
      // we have this odd baddieDetails[z]=locations[z] arrangement.
      switch (round) {
         case 1: { 
            int locations[]= {15, -1, -1, -1, -1}; for (int z = 0; z <= 5; z++) { baddieDetails[z]=locations[z];} } break;
         case 2: { 
            int locations[]= {5, 25, -1, -1, -1}; for (int z = 0; z <= 5; z++) { baddieDetails[z]=locations[z];} } break;       
         case 3: { 
            int locations[]= {5, 14, 25, -1, -1}; for (int z = 0; z <= 5; z++) { baddieDetails[z]=locations[z];} } break;                       
         case 4: { 
            int locations[]= {4, 15, 24, -1, -1}; for (int z = 0; z <= 5; z++) { baddieDetails[z]=locations[z];} } break;         
         case 5: { 
            int locations[]= {4, 10, 15, 20, 24};  for (int z = 0; z <= 5; z++) { baddieDetails[z]=locations[z];} } break;         
         case 6: { 
            int locations[]= {3, 9, 15, 19, 23};  for (int z = 0; z <= 5; z++) { baddieDetails[z]=locations[z];} } break;         
         case 7: { 
            int locations[]= {4, 8, 15, 18, 24};  for (int z = 0; z <= 5; z++) { baddieDetails[z]=locations[z];} } break;         
         case 8: { 
            int locations[]= {3, 8, 15, 18, 23};  for (int z = 0; z <= 5; z++) { baddieDetails[z]=locations[z];} } break;         
            
      } int baddieDetailsarraylen = sizeof(baddieDetails)/sizeof(int); 
              
      while(notdead) {
         // grunt noise
         sound(1);  
         
         // update the display X times to do the flicker thing
         for (int displaycycle = 1; displaycycle <= gameroundtickspeed[round-1]; displaycycle++) {
            // we plot LEDs once per displaycycle.  we do that repeatedly to give us a picture.
            // (number of displaycycles per tick will be determined by gameroundtickspeed[v_round]
            // each plotXX() function will illuminate and also extinguish it's own LEDs
            // we want this to minimise the number of simultaneously lit leds; ie flicker.)
            
            // first plot the baddies based on baddieDetails[] and check to see if they're all dead
            notdead = PlotBaddiesAndDetectAllDead(baddieDetails, baddieDetailsarraylen, idealFlikerRate); 
            if (notdead == 0) { break; } //terminate processing the while loop
            
            // check to see if any of the baddies have hit the ground, if so terminate the game.
            int Zinstruction[] = {1, 6, 11, 16, 21};  
            for(int z = 0; z < baddieDetailsarraylen; z++) { 
               for(int q = 0; q < 5; q++){
                  if (baddieDetails[z] == Zinstruction[q]){
                     // then a baddie has hit the ground, play wah wah wahhh and end
                     sound(5); delay (500); software_Reset(); 
            }  }  }
            
            // check to see if the player is shooting and if so, plot the laser and return the path it took.
            // the toggle stuff is to make sure they're not just holding the fire button
            int buttonState = digitalRead(C_ButtonPin); 
            if (buttonState == HIGH) { 
               if (buttonStateToggle) {
                  PlotShootAndDetectHit(baddieDetails, baddieDetailsarraylen, shipLocation);
                  buttonStateToggle = 0;
               }
            } else { buttonStateToggle = 1; }
            
            // move ship and return our current location
            shipLocation=PlotAndControlShipV2(idealFlikerRate); //ie; PlotAndControlShip(delay)
                     
            // output debug stuff
            //Serial.print(" dc = "); Serial.print(displaycycle); 
            //Serial.print(" rounds = "); Serial.print(rounds); 
            //Serial.print(" round = "); Serial.println(round);
            //Serial.print(" shipLocation = "); Serial.println(shipLocation);
         } // end of displaycycle
         
         // make the baddies move closer to the player
         for(int z = 0; z < baddieDetailsarraylen; z++) { 
         baddieDetails[z]--; 
         Serial.print(" baddieDetails["); Serial.print(z); Serial.print("] "); Serial.println( baddieDetails[z]);
         }         
         //}
       } // end of roundlengthcounter, ie end of round
       
       delay(500); sound(4); delay(1000); //delay between rounds
       notdead = 1;
   } // end of round, ie end of the game.
   
   sound(6); // play endgame music   
}

void software_Reset() { 
   // Restarts program from beginning but does not reset the peripherals and registers
   // taken from http://www.arduino.cc/cgi-bin/yabb2/YaBB.pl?num=1246541553
   asm volatile ("  jmp 0");  
}

void MakeASmiley(){
   int instructions[]= {9, 19, 2, 6, 11, 16, 22}; 
   //int instructions[]= {10, 20, 14, 22, 21, 16, 11, 6, 1, 2}; //froggy
   int instructionsArraylen = sizeof(instructions)/sizeof(int); 
   
   for (int i = 0; i < instructionsArraylen; i++){
      lightled(instructions[i],350);      
   }
   delay(200);   
   for (int flickercounter = 0; flickercounter < 1008 ; flickercounter ++) {
      // iterate through the array, starting at element 0
      for (int i = 0; i < instructionsArraylen; i++){
         lightled(instructions[i],1);
         //delay(100);
      }
   }
   delay(1000);
}

int PlotBaddiesAndDetectAllDead(int baddieDetails[], int baddieDetailsarraylen, int mydelay){
   int deadBaddieCounter=0;
   // note the last element in the array is arraylen -1.
   int lastarrayelement = baddieDetailsarraylen - 1;
                
   // iterate through the array, starting at element 1, not 0.  and while we're at it
   // we'll calculate the score too
   int score = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < baddieDetailsarraylen; i++){
      // blink the leds according to the baddieDetails      
      if (baddieDetails[i] < 0){ // this is a dead baddie, so don't plot it.  instead count it.
         deadBaddieCounter++;
         if (deadBaddieCounter == baddieDetailsarraylen) { // all baddies are dead
            score = score + baddieDetails[i];  score = score * -1; score = 5 - score;
            Serial.print(" score = "); Serial.println( score);
            return 0;
         }
      } else {
         lightled(baddieDetails[i],mydelay);
      }
   }     
}

void PlotShootAndDetectHit(int baddieDetails[], int baddieDetailsarraylen, int shipLocation){
   //note this assumes that the ship won't leave the planet surface and that the 
   //planet surface is defined explicityly as 1, 6, 11, 16, 21.  if that changes 
   //then this will look odd.
   int shootdelay = 12;
  
   // to start with, simply play the shoot noise
   sound(2);  //shoot
   
   // then take the ship location, and for each one, calculate the laser trajectory
   // each led upon that trajectory is called laserLocation.  when we have that laserLocation
   // also iterate through the baddieDetails array to see if that laserLocation coincides with 
   // where a baddie is, if so, play the explode noise.
   switch(shipLocation){ // this will send the laser towards the baddies :)
      case 1:
         for(int laserLocation=2; laserLocation <=5; laserLocation++){ // plot the laser trajectory
            lightled(laserLocation,shootdelay); // plot the led(note singular) corresponding to the laserLocation
            for (int blc = 0; blc < baddieDetailsarraylen; blc ++){ 
               if (laserLocation == baddieDetails[blc]) { // if the laser is where a baddie is
                  sound(3);  // they hit the target!! so play the explode noise
                  baddieDetails[blc]=-1; // set that baddie to dead; ie don't display it                 
         }  }  }   
         break;
      case 6:
        for(int laserLocation=7; laserLocation <=10; laserLocation++){
            lightled(laserLocation,shootdelay); // plot the led(note singular) corresponding to the laserLocation
            for (int blc = 0; blc < baddieDetailsarraylen; blc ++){ 
               if (laserLocation == baddieDetails[blc]) { // if the laser is where a baddie is
                  sound(3);  // they hit the target!! so play the explode noise
                  baddieDetails[blc]=-1; // set that baddie to dead; ie don't display it
         }  }  }   
         break;
      case 11:
          for(int laserLocation=12; laserLocation <=15; laserLocation++){
            lightled(laserLocation,shootdelay); // plot the led(note singular) corresponding to the laserLocation
            for (int blc = 0; blc < baddieDetailsarraylen; blc ++){ 
               if (laserLocation == baddieDetails[blc]) { // if the laser is where a baddie is
                  sound(3);  // they hit the target!! so play the explode noise
                  baddieDetails[blc]=-1; // set that baddie to dead; ie don't display it
         }  }  }   
         break;
      case 16:
          for(int laserLocation=17; laserLocation <=20; laserLocation++){
            lightled(laserLocation,shootdelay); // plot the led(note singular) corresponding to the laserLocation
            for (int blc = 0; blc < baddieDetailsarraylen; blc ++){ 
               if (laserLocation == baddieDetails[blc]) { // if the laser is where a baddie is
                  sound(3);  // they hit the target!! so play the explode noise
                  baddieDetails[blc]=-1; // set that baddie to dead; ie don't display it
         }  }  }   
         break;      
      case 21:
          for(int laserLocation=22; laserLocation <=25; laserLocation++){
            lightled(laserLocation,shootdelay); // plot the led(note singular) corresponding to the laserLocation
            for (int blc = 0; blc < baddieDetailsarraylen; blc ++){ 
               if (laserLocation == baddieDetails[blc]) { // if the laser is where a baddie is
                  sound(3);  // they hit the target!! so play the explode noise
                  baddieDetails[blc]=-1; // set that baddie to dead; ie don't display it
         }  }  }   
         break;
    }
} 

int PlotAndControlShipV2(int mydelay){
  // planet surface 
  int instruction[] = {1, 6, 11, 16, 21};  
  // mycursor is a globally declared variable which stores where in the *instruction array* the ship
  // is currently residing.  it should not be confused with shipLocation which stores the LEDid of the 
  // ship location.  ie shipLocation = instruction[mycursor]
  
   int rawLocation = analogRead(InputPot); int location = map(rawLocation, 0, 1025, 0, 5);
  
   //Serial.print("rawLocation = "); Serial.print(rawLocation);  Serial.print(" location = "); Serial.println(location);

   lightled(instruction[location],mydelay);  
  
   return instruction[location];
}

void sound(int soundeffect) {
   switch( soundeffect ) {
      case 1: {//grunt
         tone(C_SpeakerPin, 17, 250);
      } break;
      case 2: {//shoot
         for (int z = 0; z < 1; z++){
            tone(C_SpeakerPin, 600, 80);      delay(40);
            tone(C_SpeakerPin, 100, 40);       delay(10);
         } 
      } break;
      case 3: {//explode
         //basically random-ish noise descending in frequency
         int freqbase=480; // where to start 
         for(int i=0; i < 15; i++){ // how many individual noises in the effect
            freqbase = freqbase - 20; // how much lower should each noise go?
            int frequency = random(freqbase-30,freqbase); //what exact freqency to plot
            int mydelay = random(30,150); // how long should each noise go for
            tone(C_SpeakerPin, frequency, mydelay); 
            Serial.print("frequency = "); Serial.print(frequency);  Serial.print(" mydelay = "); Serial.println(mydelay);
         } 
      } break;
      case 4: {// end round
         tone(C_SpeakerPin, 300, 300);delay(150);
         tone(C_SpeakerPin, 600, 100);delay(300);
         tone(C_SpeakerPin, 300, 300);delay(150);
         tone(C_SpeakerPin, 600, 800);delay(300);
      } break;
      case 5: {//you loose
         for (int z = 0; z < 1; z++){
            tone(C_SpeakerPin, 300, 80);      delay(800);
            tone(C_SpeakerPin, 275, 80);      delay(800);
            tone(C_SpeakerPin, 260, 80);      delay(800);
            for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
               tone(C_SpeakerPin, 245, 15);     delay(15);  
               tone(C_SpeakerPin, 255, 15);     delay(15);                  
            }
            tone(C_SpeakerPin, 100, 40);       delay(10);
         } 
      } break;
      case 6: {//you win!
         // the song to play at the truimphant conclusion :)
         char *song = "20thCenFoxShort:d=16,o=5,b=140:b,8p,b,b,2b,p,c6,32p,b,32p,c6,32p,b,32p,c6,32p,b,8p,b,b,b,32p,b,32p,b,32p,b,32p,b,32p,b,32p,b,32p,g#,32p,a,32p,b,8p,b,b,2b,4p";
         play_rtttl(song);   
      } break;
      case 7: {// game start
         //basically random-ish noise ascending in frequency
         int freqbase=180; // where to start 
         for(int i=0; i < 30; i++){ // how many individual noises in the effect
            freqbase = freqbase + 15; // how much lower should each noise go?
            int frequency = random(freqbase-30,freqbase); //what exact freqency to plot
            int mydelay = random(30,150); // how long should each noise go for
            tone(C_SpeakerPin, frequency, mydelay); 
            Serial.print("frequency = "); Serial.print(frequency);  Serial.print(" mydelay = "); Serial.println(mydelay);  
         }
         tone(C_SpeakerPin, 100, 15);     delay(250);                  
         for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
               tone(C_SpeakerPin, 690, 100);     delay(20);  
               tone(C_SpeakerPin, 640, 100);     delay(20);  
            }
            tone(C_SpeakerPin, 100, 15);     delay(100);                  
         }
      } break;
   }
}

void lightled(int LEDid, int ondelay) {
  //Serial.print(" led = "); Serial.print(LEDid); Serial.print("  ondelay = "); Serial.println(ondelay);
  switch (LEDid) {
    case 0:
      //all off
      digitalWrite(cathodes0, LOW); digitalWrite(annodes0, LOW); digitalWrite(cathodes1, LOW); digitalWrite(annodes1, LOW);
      digitalWrite(cathodes2, LOW); digitalWrite(annodes2, LOW); digitalWrite(cathodes3, LOW); digitalWrite(annodes3, LOW);
      digitalWrite(cathodes4, LOW); digitalWrite(annodes4, LOW); break;
    case 1: //c0a0
      digitalWrite(cathodes0, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes0, HIGH); break;
    case 2: //c0a1
      digitalWrite(cathodes0, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes1, HIGH); break;
    case 3: //c0a2
      digitalWrite(cathodes0, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes2, HIGH); break;
    case 4: //c0a3
      digitalWrite(cathodes0, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes3, HIGH); break;      
    case 5: //c0a4
      digitalWrite(cathodes0, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes4, HIGH); break;
    case 6: //c1a0
      digitalWrite(cathodes1, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes0, HIGH); break;
    case 7: //c1a1
      digitalWrite(cathodes1, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes1, HIGH); break;
    case 8: //c1a2
      digitalWrite(cathodes1, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes2, HIGH); break;
    case 9: //c1a3
      digitalWrite(cathodes1, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes3, HIGH); break;
    case 10: //c1a4
      digitalWrite(cathodes1, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes4, HIGH); break;
    case 11: //c2a0
      digitalWrite(cathodes2, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes0, HIGH); break;
    case 12: //c2a1
      digitalWrite(cathodes2, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes1, HIGH); break;
    case 13: //c2a2
      digitalWrite(cathodes2, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes2, HIGH); break;
    case 14: //c2a3
      digitalWrite(cathodes2, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes3, HIGH); break;
    case 15: //c2a4
      digitalWrite(cathodes2, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes4, HIGH); break;
    case 16: //c3a0
      digitalWrite(cathodes3, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes0, HIGH); break;
    case 17: //c3a1
      digitalWrite(cathodes3, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes1, HIGH); break;
    case 18: //c3a2
      digitalWrite(cathodes3, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes2, HIGH); break;
    case 19: //c3a3
      digitalWrite(cathodes3, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes3, HIGH); break;
    case 20: //c3a4
      digitalWrite(cathodes3, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes4, HIGH); break;
    case 21: //c4a0
      digitalWrite(cathodes4, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes0, HIGH); break;
    case 22: //c4a1
      digitalWrite(cathodes4, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes1, HIGH); break;
    case 23: //c4a2
      digitalWrite(cathodes4, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes2, HIGH); break;
    case 24: //c4a3
      digitalWrite(cathodes4, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes3, HIGH); break;
    case 25: //c4a3
      digitalWrite(cathodes4, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes4, HIGH); break;
    case 88: //do nothing.
      break;  
    case 100:
      //all on
      digitalWrite(cathodes0, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes0, HIGH); digitalWrite(cathodes1, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes1, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(cathodes2, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes2, HIGH); digitalWrite(cathodes3, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes3, HIGH);
      digitalWrite(cathodes4, HIGH); digitalWrite(annodes4, HIGH);    
      break;      
    default: // if nothing else matches, do the default
      //Serial.print("ERROR LEDid = "); Serial.println(LEDid); alloff(); allon(); delay(1500);
      break;
  }
  //delay a sec before resuming
  delay(ondelay);  alloff(); 
}

void alloff(){
  // turn everything off for contrast
  digitalWrite(cathodes0, LOW);  digitalWrite(cathodes1, LOW);  digitalWrite(cathodes2, LOW);  digitalWrite(cathodes3, LOW);  digitalWrite(cathodes4, LOW);
  digitalWrite(annodes0, LOW);  digitalWrite(annodes1, LOW);  digitalWrite(annodes2, LOW);  digitalWrite(annodes3, LOW);  digitalWrite(annodes4, LOW); 
  digitalWrite(IndicatorLED, LOW);
}

void allon(){
  // turn everything off for contrast
  digitalWrite(cathodes0, HIGH);  digitalWrite(cathodes1, HIGH);  digitalWrite(cathodes2, HIGH);  digitalWrite(cathodes3, HIGH);  digitalWrite(cathodes4, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(annodes0, HIGH);  digitalWrite(annodes1, HIGH);  digitalWrite(annodes2, HIGH);  digitalWrite(annodes3, HIGH);  digitalWrite(annodes4, HIGH); 
  digitalWrite(IndicatorLED, HIGH);
}

void SoundEffectGenViaPot(){
 //generate sounds using input pot
  int buttonState = digitalRead(C_ButtonPin);
  int frequencyX = analogRead(InputPot); int frequency = map(frequencyX, 0, 1023, 1, 6000);
   if (buttonState == HIGH) { 
      //tone(C_SpeakerPin, frequency, 200);
      tone(C_SpeakerPin, frequency, 40);      //delay(10);
      tone(C_SpeakerPin, frequency-200, 40);      //delay(10);
      tone(C_SpeakerPin, frequency, 40);      //delay(10);
      //tone(C_SpeakerPin, 100, 40);       delay(5);
  }
  Serial.print("frequency = "); Serial.println(frequency);
}

void  basicMultiplexing(){
  // for our matrix 24 is a good delay, but more leds means more flicker.  simple.
  int ondelayX = analogRead(InputPot); int ondelay = map(ondelayX, 0, 1023, 0, 100);

  for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++){lightled(i,ondelay);}
  Serial.print("ondelay = "); Serial.println(ondelay);
}

int PlotAndControlShipVelocity(int mydelay){
  // planet surface 
  int instruction[] = {1, 6, 11, 16, 21};  
  // mycursor is a globally declared variable which stores where in the *instruction array* the ship
  // is currently residing.  it should not be confused with shipLocation which stores the LEDid of the 
  // ship location.  ie shipLocation = instruction[mycursor]
  
  // note the last element in the array is arraylen -1 !!!!
  int arraylen = sizeof(instruction)/sizeof(int); int lastarrayelement = arraylen - 1;
  // determine the position of the pot and assign a velocity to it
  int velocityX= analogRead(InputPot); int velocity = map(velocityX, 0, 1023, -150, 150);
  // set the cursor to increment or decrement depending on the velocity, note the deadzone
  if (velocity > 15) { mycursor++;} 
  if (velocity < -15) {mycursor--;}
  
  // what do we do when they reach the edge of the play area?  to wrap or not to wrap?
  // wrap:
  // if (mycursor < 0) { mycursor = lastarrayelement; } if (mycursor > lastarrayelement) { mycursor = 0; }
  // not wrap:
  if (mycursor < 0) { mycursor = 0; } if (mycursor > lastarrayelement) { mycursor = lastarrayelement; }
  
  //Serial.print("mycursor = "); Serial.print(mycursor);  Serial.print(" mydelay = "); Serial.print(mydelay);  Serial.print(" velocity = "); Serial.print(velocity); 
       
  // blink the leds according to the instructions
  lightled(instruction[mycursor],mydelay);
  
  //ie shipLocation = instruction[mycursor]  
  return instruction[mycursor];
}

int SimpleVelocityLoop(){
   // define the instructions for the array and the delay for led illumination
   //int instruction[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,0,100,0,100}; //test
   //int instruction[] = {1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2, 7, 12, 17, 18, 19, 14, 9, 8, 13, 7}; // spiral and exit
   int instruction[] = {1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 20, 15, 10, 5, 4, 3, 2}; // outside loop
   //int instruction[] = {1, 6, 7, 11, 16, 12, 21, 22, 17, 23, 24, 18, 25, 20, 19, 15, 10, 14, 5, 4, 9, 3, 2, 8}; // 2 square loop

   // and then simply iterate through the instruction array
   int i; int arraylen = sizeof(instruction)/sizeof(int);
   
   int mydelayX = 0;
   int buttonState = 0;
   
   while(buttonState != HIGH){ 
      for (i = 0; i < arraylen; i = i + 1) {
         buttonState = digitalRead(C_ButtonPin); if (buttonState) { break; }
         // delay is used for setting both the ON and OFF durations
         mydelayX= analogRead(InputPot); int mydelay = map(mydelayX, 0, 1023, 4, 200);  
         // blink the leds according to the instructions
         // sound(1);
         lightled(instruction[i],mydelay);
         // turn everything off and wait a sec (before re-reading the instructinos and starting again etc)
         alloff(); delay(mydelay/2);
         //Serial.print("mydelayX = "); Serial.print(mydelayX);
      }   
   }
   return mydelayX;
}

void play_rtttl(char *p) {
  // this function based on the LCA 2012 leo stick tunes collaborative effort at https://gist.github.com/1800871
    
  //char *song = "Muppets:d=4,o=5,b=250:c6,c6,a,b,8a,b,g,p,c6,c6,a,8b,8a,8p,g.,p,e,e,g,f,8e,f,8c6,8c,8d,e,8e,8e,8p,8e,g,2p,c6,c6,a,b,8a,b,g,p,c6,c6,a,8b,a,g.,p,e,e,g,f,8e,f,8c6,8c,8d,e,8e,d,8d,c";
  //char *song = "Looney:d=4,o=5,b=140:32p,c6,8f6,8e6,8d6,8c6,a.,8c6,8f6,8e6,8d6,8d#6,e.6,8e6,8e6,8c6,8d6,8c6,8e6,8c6,8d6,8a,8c6,8g,8a#,8a,8f";
  //char *song = "20thCenFox:d=16,o=5,b=140:b,8p,b,b,2b,p,c6,32p,b,32p,c6,32p,b,32p,c6,32p,b,8p,b,b,b,32p,b,32p,b,32p,b,32p,b,32p,b,32p,b,32p,g#,32p,a,32p,b,8p,b,b,2b,4p,8e,8g#,8b,1c#6,8f#,8a,8c#6,1e6,8a,8c#6,8e6,1e6,8b,8g#,8a,2b";
  //char *song = "Canon:d=4,o=5,b=80:8d,8f#,8a,8d6,8c#,8e,8a,8c#6,8d,8f#,8b,8d6,8a,8c#,8f#,8a,8b,8d,8g,8b,8a,8d,8f#,8a,8b,8f#,8g,8b,8c#,8e,8a,8c#6,f#6,8f#,8a,e6,8e,8a,d6,8f#,8a,c#6,8c#,8e,b,8d,8g,a,8f#,8d,b,8d,8g,c#.6";
  //char *song = "StarWars:d=4,o=5,b=45:32p,32f#,32f#,32f#,8b.,8f#.6,32e6,32d#6,32c#6,8b.6,16f#.6,32e6,32d#6,32c#6,8b.6,16f#.6,32e6,32d#6,32e6,8c#.6,32f#,32f#,32f#,8b.,8f#.6,32e6,32d#6,32c#6,8b.6,16f#.6,32e6,32d#6,32c#6,8b.6,16f#.6,32e6,32d#6,32e6,8c#6";
  //char *song = "Gadget:d=16,o=5,b=50:32d#,32f,32f#,32g#,a#,f#,a,f,g#,f#,32d#,32f,32f#,32g#,a#,d#6,4d6,32d#,32f,32f#,32g#,a#,f#,a,f,g#,f#,8d#";
  //char *song = "Smurfs:d=32,o=5,b=200:4c#6,16p,4f#6,p,16c#6,p,8d#6,p,8b,p,4g#,16p,4c#6,p,16a#,p,8f#,p,8a#,p,4g#,4p,g#,p,a#,p,b,p,c6,p,4c#6,16p,4f#6,p,16c#6,p,8d#6,p,8b,p,4g#,16p,4c#6,p,16a#,p,8b,p,8f,p,4f#";
  //char *song = "LeisureSuit:d=16,o=6,b=56:f.5,f#.5,g.5,g#5,32a#5,f5,g#.5,a#.5,32f5,g#5,32a#5,g#5,8c#.,a#5,32c#,a5,a#.5,c#.,32a5,a#5,32c#,d#,8e,c#.,f.,f.,f.,f.,f,32e,d#,8d,a#.5,e,32f,e,32f,c#,d#.,c#";
    
  #define isdigit(n) (n >= '0' && n <= '9')
   
  #define NOTE_B0 31
  #define NOTE_C1 33
  #define NOTE_CS1 35
  #define NOTE_D1 37
  #define NOTE_DS1 39
  #define NOTE_E1 41
  #define NOTE_F1 44
  #define NOTE_FS1 46
  #define NOTE_G1 49
  #define NOTE_GS1 52
  #define NOTE_A1 55
  #define NOTE_AS1 58
  #define NOTE_B1 62
  #define NOTE_C2 65
  #define NOTE_CS2 69
  #define NOTE_D2 73
  #define NOTE_DS2 78
  #define NOTE_E2 82
  #define NOTE_F2 87
  #define NOTE_FS2 93
  #define NOTE_G2 98
  #define NOTE_GS2 104
  #define NOTE_A2 110
  #define NOTE_AS2 117
  #define NOTE_B2 123
  #define NOTE_C3 131
  #define NOTE_CS3 139
  #define NOTE_D3 147
  #define NOTE_DS3 156
  #define NOTE_E3 165
  #define NOTE_F3 175
  #define NOTE_FS3 185
  #define NOTE_G3 196
  #define NOTE_GS3 208
  #define NOTE_A3 220
  #define NOTE_AS3 233
  #define NOTE_B3 247
  #define NOTE_C4 262
  #define NOTE_CS4 277
  #define NOTE_D4 294
  #define NOTE_DS4 311
  #define NOTE_E4 330
  #define NOTE_F4 349
  #define NOTE_FS4 370
  #define NOTE_G4 392
  #define NOTE_GS4 415
  #define NOTE_A4 440
  #define NOTE_AS4 466
  #define NOTE_B4 494
  #define NOTE_C5 523
  #define NOTE_CS5 554
  #define NOTE_D5 587
  #define NOTE_DS5 622
  #define NOTE_E5 659
  #define NOTE_F5 698
  #define NOTE_FS5 740
  #define NOTE_G5 784
  #define NOTE_GS5 831
  #define NOTE_A5 880
  #define NOTE_AS5 932
  #define NOTE_B5 988
  #define NOTE_C6 1047
  #define NOTE_CS6 1109
  #define NOTE_D6 1175
  #define NOTE_DS6 1245
  #define NOTE_E6 1319
  #define NOTE_F6 1397
  #define NOTE_FS6 1480
  #define NOTE_G6 1568
  #define NOTE_GS6 1661
  #define NOTE_A6 1760
  #define NOTE_AS6 1865
  #define NOTE_B6 1976
  #define NOTE_C7 2093
  #define NOTE_CS7 2217
  #define NOTE_D7 2349
  #define NOTE_DS7 2489
  #define NOTE_E7 2637
  #define NOTE_F7 2794
  #define NOTE_FS7 2960
  #define NOTE_G7 3136
  #define NOTE_GS7 3322
  #define NOTE_A7 3520
  #define NOTE_AS7 3729
  #define NOTE_B7 3951
  #define NOTE_C8 4186
  #define NOTE_CS8 4435
  #define NOTE_D8 4699
  #define NOTE_DS8 4978  
  #define OCTAVE_OFFSET 0
  
  int notes[] = { 0,
  NOTE_C4, NOTE_CS4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_E4, NOTE_F4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_GS4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_B4,
  NOTE_C5, NOTE_CS5, NOTE_D5, NOTE_DS5, NOTE_E5, NOTE_F5, NOTE_FS5, NOTE_G5, NOTE_GS5, NOTE_A5, NOTE_AS5, NOTE_B5,
  NOTE_C6, NOTE_CS6, NOTE_D6, NOTE_DS6, NOTE_E6, NOTE_F6, NOTE_FS6, NOTE_G6, NOTE_GS6, NOTE_A6, NOTE_AS6, NOTE_B6,
  NOTE_C7, NOTE_CS7, NOTE_D7, NOTE_DS7, NOTE_E7, NOTE_F7, NOTE_FS7, NOTE_G7, NOTE_GS7, NOTE_A7, NOTE_AS7, NOTE_B7
  };
    // Absolutely no error checking in here
  
    byte default_dur = 4;
    byte default_oct = 6;
    int bpm = 63;
    int num;
    long wholenote;
    long duration;
    byte note;
    byte scale;
  
    // format: d=N,o=N,b=NNN:
    // find the start (skip name, etc)
  
    while(*p != ':') p++; // ignore name
    p++; // skip ':'
  
    // get default duration
    if(*p == 'd'){
      p++; p++; // skip "d="
      num = 0;
      while(isdigit(*p)){
        num = (num * 10) + (*p++ - '0');
      }
      if(num > 0) default_dur = num;
      p++; // skip comma
    }
  
  
    // get default octave
    if(*p == 'o'){
      p++; p++; // skip "o="
      num = *p++ - '0';
      if(num >= 3 && num <=7) default_oct = num;
      p++; // skip comma
    }
  
    // get BPM
    if(*p == 'b'){
      p++; p++; // skip "b="
      num = 0;
      while(isdigit(*p)){
        num = (num * 10) + (*p++ - '0');
      }
      bpm = num;
      p++; // skip colon
    }
    
    // BPM usually expresses the number of quarter notes per minute
    wholenote = (60 * 1000L / bpm) * 4; // this is the time for whole note (in milliseconds)
    
    // now begin note loop
    while(*p){
      // first, get note duration, if available
      num = 0;
      while(isdigit(*p)){
        num = (num * 10) + (*p++ - '0');
      }
      
      if(num) duration = wholenote / num;
      else duration = wholenote / default_dur; // we will need to check if we are a dotted note after
  
      // now get the note
      note = 0;
      
      switch(*p) {
        case 'c':
          note = 1;
          break;
        case 'd':
          note = 3;
          break;
        case 'e':
          note = 5;
          break;
        case 'f':
          note = 6;
          break;
        case 'g':
          note = 8;
          break;
        case 'a':
          note = 10;
          break;
        case 'b':
          note = 12;
          break;
        case 'p':
        default:
          note = 0;
      }
      p++;
  
      // now, get optional '#' sharp
      if(*p == '#'){
        note++;
        p++;
      }
  
      // now, get optional '.' dotted note
      if(*p == '.'){
        duration += duration/2;
        p++;
      }
    
      // now, get scale
      if(isdigit(*p)){
        scale = *p - '0';
        p++;
      }
      else{
        scale = default_oct;
      }
  
      scale += OCTAVE_OFFSET;
  
      if(*p == ',')
        p++; // skip comma for next note (or we may be at the end)
  
      // now play the note
  
      if(note){
        digitalWrite(C_SpeakerPin, HIGH);
        int danFreq;
        float danDur;
        danFreq = notes[(scale - 4) * 12 + note];
        danDur = 1000000 / danFreq;
        unsigned long start = millis();
        while (millis() - start <= duration) {
            digitalWrite(C_SpeakerPin, HIGH);
            delayMicroseconds(danDur);
            digitalWrite(C_SpeakerPin, LOW);
            delayMicroseconds(danDur);
        }
        digitalWrite(C_SpeakerPin, LOW);
      }
      else{
        delay(duration);
      }
    }
}